Tax-exempt bonds - how on earth is that a loophole? It is fundraising for government projects. If you don't want the bonds to be issued, don't initiate the projects. And then tell all of the teacher's pension funds that invest in them that they have to throw their money in the market
Investments/Capital gains - how are they loopholes? because the rates are lower than ordinary income rates? Ordinary income rates are lower than estate tax rates, so why don't we raise everything up to estate tax levels?
Gift-Giving - Obama had the opportunity to fully eliminate or revamp the Estate and Gift Tax when he had full control of Congress and the prior structure had expired. He failed to take any action whatsoever; must not be that important then.
"Charitable" Donations - how is that a loophole? To get the deduction, you still have to give something away that, even at the top bracket, is worth roughly 2/3 more than the credit you get. Who would give away $1 for the sole purpose of getting a $.33 loophole?
Vacation Homes and Yachts - what about them? should they be illegal?