Many disciplines have weighed in and from across the scientific spectrum those scientists actually working on the Shroud have concluded that is must have been made by some type of light.
Shroud Of Turin Real? New Research Dates Relic To 1st Century, Time Of Jesus Christ
Huffpo article above...listen to the scientist talk - literally implies hundreds of different research methods are concluding the same.
"Giulio Fanti, a professor of mechanical and thermal measurement at the University of Padua, announced the findings in a book that hit shelves Wednesday in Italy, reports Vatican Insider. Fanti has written several papers about the shroud, including one in 2011 that hypothesized how radiation could have caused the image of a man's bloody face and body to appear on the cloth.
In his most recent effort, Fanti and a research team from the University of Padua conducted three tests on tiny fibers extracted from the shroud during earlier carbon-14 dating tests conducted in 1988, according to Vatican Insider. The first two tests used infrared light and Raman spectroscopy, respectively, while the third employed a test analyzing different mechanical parameters relating to voltage.
The results date the cloth to between 300 B.C. and 400 A.D., per The Telegraph.
In an email with The Huffington Post, Fanti said that researchers also found trace elements of soil "compatible with the soil of Jerusalem."
"For me the [Shroud] comes from God because there are hundreds of clues in favor to the authenticity," he wrote, adding that there also "no sure proofs."