Russia continuing a recycle of the Georgia playbook:
Tensions between Georgia and Russia began escalating in April 2008.[95][96] A bomb explosion on 1 August 2008 targeted a car transporting Georgian peacekeepers. South Ossetians were responsible for instigating this incident, which marked the opening of hostilities and injured five Georgian servicemen. In response,[97] several South Ossetian militiamen were hit.[98] South Ossetian separatists began shelling Georgian villages on 1 August. These artillery attacks immediately caused Georgian servicemen to return fire periodically.[95][98][99][100][101]
On 7 August 2008, Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili announced a unilateral ceasefire and called for peace talks.[102] However, escalating assaults against Georgian villages (located in the South Ossetian conflict zone) were soon matched with gunfire from Georgian troops,[103][104] who then proceeded to move in the direction of the capital of the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia (Tskhinvali) on the night of 8 August, reaching its centre in the morning of 8 August.[105] According to Russian military expert Pavel Felgenhauer, the Ossetian provocation was aimed at triggering the Georgian response, which was needed as a pretext for premeditated Russian military invasion.[106] According to Georgian intelligence,[107] and several Russian media reports, parts of the regular (non-peacekeeping) Russian Army had already moved to South Ossetian territory through the Roki Tunnel before the Georgian military action.[108]
Russia accused Georgia of "aggression against South Ossetia",[109] and launched a large-scale land, air and sea invasion of Georgia with the pretext of "peace enforcement" operation on 8 August 2008.[100] Abkhaz forces opened a second front on 9 August by attacking the Kodori Gorge held by Georgia.[110] Tskhinvali was seized by the Russian military by 10 August.[111] Russian forces occupied the Georgian cities beyond disputed territories.[112]
During the conflict, there was a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Georgians in South Ossetia,[113] including destruction of Georgian settlements after the war had ended.[114] The war displaced 192,000 people,[115] and while many were able to return to their homes after the war, a year later around 30,000 ethnic Georgians remained displaced.[116] In an interview published in Kommersant, South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity said he would not allow Georgians to return.[117][118]
President of France Nicolas Sarkozy negotiated a ceasefire agreement on 12 August 2008.[119] Russia recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia as separate republics on 26 August.[120] In response to Russia's recognition, the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia.[121] Russian forces left the buffer areas bordering Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 8 October, and the European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia was dispatched to the buffer areas.[122] Since the war, Georgia has maintained that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are occupied Georgian territories.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)#Russo–Georgian_War_and_since